This circuit uses a P-FET – to turn the power ... popular enough that we typically just refer to them as NPN or PNP transistors. These are all under the transistor umbrella, but when people ...

"NPN" and "PNP" refer to the arrangement of the different types ... Typical signs of a failing transistor include a circuit that's not functioning as expected, or a device that's overheating or not ...

One limitation of PNP Darlington transistors is their requirement for a negative voltage at the base relative to the emitter, which can complicate circuit design compared to NPN configurations that ...

Instead, a little bipolar PNP transistor and a beefier NPN MOSFET as an oscillator ... However, [Chris] demonstrates the circuit with just four. Flasher circuits were in regular use well into ...